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Association between the serum vitamin D level and disability of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated during several researches. However, these studies reported different results. The current study aims to es...
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Association between the serum vitamin D level and disability of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated during several researches. However, these studies reported different results. The current study aims to estimate the correlation between the concentrations of 25 (OH) vitamin D and the level of disability among MS patients. Using Mesh and non-Mesh terms related to MS, disability level and vitamin D, different data banks were searched. Required information was extracted from the selected eligible primary articles. Stata version 11 software was applied for combining the primary correlation coefficients using random effect model. The effect of MS type and patients' age was assessed using meta-regression models. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the role of each primary study in the pooled estimate. Egger test was applied to find any publication bias. Of 14 eligible studies, the total correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) between 25 (OH) vitamin D level and disability in both sexes as well as among female was estimated as of -0.29 (-0.40, -0.17) and -0.35 (-0.46, -0.24) respectively. Two articles carried out among male did not report significant results. Our meta-analysis showed a significant negative correlation between 25 (OH) vitamin D level and disability of MS patients so that the disability reduces with increasing the 25 (OH) vitamin D level.
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Background and purpose: Cohort studies are one of the best types of observational studies in investigating the causal relationship, diseases etiology, and determining the incidence and natural history of diseases. In recent decade...
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Background and purpose: Cohort studies are one of the best types of observational studies in investigating the causal relationship, diseases etiology, and determining the incidence and natural history of diseases. In recent decades cohort studies played a major role in identification of environmental, cardiovascular and cancers risk factors. Considering the important role of cohort studies in public health, this study aimed to review population based cohort studies in Iran. Materials and methods: In this review article, Pubmed and Scopus databases and Iranian population based cohort studies websites were searched. Keywords included cohort, population based cohort, and Iran. Results: Six population based cohort studies running in Iran were found including Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Golestan and Isfahan Cohort Studies, Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, Amirkola Health and Ageing Project, and KERCADR study. The first population based cohort study in Iran was Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study which began in 1997. We also found other cohorts with various follow up time from months to years on diseased people, pregnant women, infants and specific occupational groups. Also, some historical cohorts such as Sradasht cohort study were found. Conclusion: Several historical cohorts and six population based cohort studies were launched in different places in Iran. The oldest (Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study) is being conducted for 18 years. These studies have relatively good variety in terms of population, diversity of exposure and research objectives and can play a prominent role in production of knowledge which will be very important in evidence based policy making in public health.
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Background and purpose: Critical care nurses could actively participate in the decision made by the healthcare team especially if they have the knowledge on the factors that affect extubation time following coronary artery bypass ...
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Background and purpose: Critical care nurses could actively participate in the decision made by the healthcare team especially if they have the knowledge on the factors that affect extubation time following coronary artery bypass surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the duration of intubation after coronary artery bypass surgery and related factors in Mazandaran Heart Center, Sari, Iran. Materials and methods: A descriptive analytical study was carried out in 200 patients with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Relevant information was obtained via observation, patients medical records, and nursing notes. Data analysis was performed using frequency and central tendency, dispersion indices, Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, and regression tests. Results: The duration of intubation was 9.39±2.27 hours. Meanwhile, the relationship between demographic variables and preoperative clinical factors was examined using regression models. In this study, respiratory disease, history of MI, age, and weight were found to be significantly associated with duration of intubation. Conclusion: Considering demographic and clinical factors on admission and preparation of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery results in earlier detection of patients at risk of prolonged intubation, and makes it possible to schedule and perform care plans accurately to prevent physical and psychological complications of prolonged mechanical ventilation and increased healthcare costs .
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Objectives Numerous studies have reported the epidemiological and clinical features of Malta fever incidence in Iran. Review and synthesis of the related literature through meta-analysis can provide an appropriate measurement for ...
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Objectives Numerous studies have reported the epidemiological and clinical features of Malta fever incidence in Iran. Review and synthesis of the related literature through meta-analysis can provide an appropriate measurement for aforementioned indices. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of people with Malta fever in Iran. Methods The required documents were obtained through searching national and international databases. In each study, standard deviation of the indices was calculated using binomial distribution formulas. Finally, the heterogeneity index was determined between studies using Cochran (Q) and I ~(2)tests. Results Combining the results of 47 articles in the meta-analysis indicated that 57.6% (55.02–60.1%) and 42.3% (49.8–44.9%) of the patients were male and female, respectively. Most of the patients lived in rural areas; 68.4% (63.6–73.2%) compared to 31.4% (26.7–36.3%). In addition, 20.8% (17.4–24.2%) of the patients were ranchers and farmers, 16.9% (14.5–19.4%) were students, and 31.6% (27–36.2%) were housewives. Of the patients studies, 50.5% (35.6–65.2%) experienced contact with animals and 57.1% (46.4–67.9%) used unpasteurized dairy products. Fever, joint pain, and sweating were detected among 65.7% (53.7–77.8%) and 55.3% (44.4–66.2%), respectively. Conclusion The present study revealed that the frequency of male patients with brucellosis was considerably more than that of female patients. The number of patients with Malta fever in rural areas was significantly more than in urban areas. High-risk behavior, unprotected contact with animals, and using unpasteurized dairy products were among the most significant factors affecting Malta fever incidence in Iran. Fever, joint pain, and sweating were detected among most of the patients with Malta fever.
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Prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors are increasing in developing countries. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported CHD and evaluate the role of various risk factors on its prevalence ...
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Prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors are increasing in developing countries. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported CHD and evaluate the role of various risk factors on its prevalence in the Tabari cohort study (TCS) population. The enrollment phase of TCS was performed between June 2015 and November 2017. In the current study, data were derived from information collecting from the enrollment phase of TCS. In the enrollment phase, 10,255 individuals aged 35–70 living in urban and mountainous areas of Sari (northern part of Iran) were entered into the study. Educational level, socioeconomic and marital status, history of smoking, opium and alcohol abuse/addiction, level of daily physical activity, indices of obesity, and traditional risk factors of the participants were determined. The prevalence of CHD was measured at 9.2%. Older individuals (P<0.001), people with a body mass index≥30kg/m2 (P<0.001), diabetics (P<0.001), and hypertensive (P<0.001) have been shown to have an increased risk for CHD compared with participants of without CHD. Furthermore, the CHD was more prevalent in individuals with higher waist circumference (P<0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001), and a higher waist to hip ratio (P<0.001). In addition, individuals with low socioeconomic status, illiterate people, and opium users had a higher prevalence of CHD (P<0.001). The results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of CHD among individuals who had 8-10 risk factors was estimated at 8.41 (95% confidence interval: 5.75-12.31) times higher than those with less than 3 risk factors. According to the results of the present study, it seems that the prevalence of CHD in the Iranian population is relatively high.
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Background and purpose: Risk of burn is influenced by some factors including life conditions, lifestyle, and culture. Factors such as reduced physical strength, damaged protection mechanisms, taking various drugs leave elderly at ...
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Background and purpose: Risk of burn is influenced by some factors including life conditions, lifestyle, and culture. Factors such as reduced physical strength, damaged protection mechanisms, taking various drugs leave elderly at more risk of burns. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with gender differences in incidence of burn in patients older than 59 years of age admitted to Sari Zare Hospital. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was done in patients older than 59 years of age who were admitted in Sari Zare Hosptal , a referral center for three provinces (Mazandaran, Golestan, Semnan), between 2013 and 2015. Participants were selected using census method. Data was collected using the patient's documents and a checklist for recording the information. Independent t test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used in order to analyze the data. Results: A total of 169 patients was admitted in hospital including 85 males (50.3%). The mean age of patients was 70.4 ± 8.2. In urban areas the frequency of burns was higher in men than that in women (62.1% vs. 38.1%), while in rural areas this frequency was higher among women (68.2% vs 37.9%). We found a significant relationship between gender and place of residence, educational level, cause of burn, location of burn, and age group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that incidence of burn is different in elderly men and women in terms of place of residence, education level, cause of burn, location of the burn, and age. Therefore, appropriate planning and prevention interventions are required.
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Background and purpose: Metoclopramide is frequently used in emergency departments to control nausea, vomiting, and headache. This study aimed at comparing the effects of two rates of intravenous infusion of metoclopramide (slow a...
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Background and purpose: Metoclopramide is frequently used in emergency departments to control nausea, vomiting, and headache. This study aimed at comparing the effects of two rates of intravenous infusion of metoclopramide (slow and fast bolus) on the incidence of akathisia in patients with cancer in an emergency department. Materials and methods: In a double blind clinical trial, 112 patients with cancer hospitalized in Sari Imam Khomaini emergency department were included. The participants were randomized to receive either 20 mg metoclopramide as a bolus and normal saline infusion over 20?min (bolus group), or normal saline bolus and 20 mg metoclopramide infused over 20?min (infusion group). Patients were assessed for akathisia using the Prince Henry Akathisia Rating Scale. Nausea, sedation, pulse, and blood pressure were measured in both groups at 0, 30, 60,?and 120 min after drug administration. Results: The mean ages of patients in bolus and infusion group was 59.4 ± 16.1 and 60.3 ± 14.2, respectively. Frequency of women in bolus and infusion group was 48.3 and 56.1%, respectively. Objective akathisia in patients receiving bolus metoclopramide was 4 times more than that in infusion group. (P=0.000) (RR: 4, CI: 95%: 1.8-6.5). Trend of sleepiness was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.625). But, the trends of nasaue, pulse, and hypertension showed significant differences between blouse and infusion groups. (P=0.000 and P=0.000, respectively). Conclusion: Current findings showed that intravenous infusion of metoclopramide could reduce objective akathisia and nausea.
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Background and purpose: The relationship between obesity and the risk of breast cancer has been highlighted in some studies. This research aimed at studying the association between anthropometric indices and breast cancer based on...
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Background and purpose: The relationship between obesity and the risk of breast cancer has been highlighted in some studies. This research aimed at studying the association between anthropometric indices and breast cancer based on enrolment phase (cross-sectional phase) data in Tabari cohort study. Materials and methods: In this cohort, 51 cases of breast cancer were recorded which were considered as the case group. Also, 153 individuals (without any type of cancer) from Tabari cohort population were randomly selected as control group. Data analysis was performed applying independent t-test, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The frequency of waist circumference ≥88 cm in case group was slightly lower than that of the control group (74.5% vs. 75.2%, P= 0.926). In case group, the frequency of waist to hip ratio (less than 0.85) was lower than that of the control group (70.6% vs. 80.4%, P= 0.144). The risk of breast cancer was found to be higher in rural population (OR: 8.28, P<0.001) and in women with higher education (OR: 0.06, P<0.001). Conclusion: This study did not confirm the association between anthropometric indices and breast cancer.
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Abstract Restless legs syndrome is a neuromotor problem which is more common among pregnant women. Several studies have reported different prevalences for this disorder. Combining the results of these studies reveals reliable evid...
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Abstract Restless legs syndrome is a neuromotor problem which is more common among pregnant women. Several studies have reported different prevalences for this disorder. Combining the results of these studies reveals reliable evidences for policymakers. This study aims to estimate the total prevalence of restless legs syndrome in pregnant women using meta-analysis. Different databanks (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, EBSCO, Ovid, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched using relevant keywords. After limiting the search strategy, reviewing the abstracts and full texts and quality assessment, eligible papers were selected for meta-analysis. Cochrane and I-squared indices were used to detect the degree of heterogeneity. The point prevalences were combined using random effects model. Studies that influenced the heterogeneity were detected using sensitivity analysis, while meta-regression models were applied to determine the factors that most affected the heterogeneity. Out of 26 eligible articles, 20.5% of pregnant women (95% confidence interval 16.5–24.2) were suffering from restless legs syndrome compared to 2.9% in Japan to 43.7% in Iran. Our meta-analysis showed that approximately one-fifth of pregnant women in the world have restless leg syndrome.
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Background This study aims to investigate the situation of sleep profile and its related factors in the Tabari Cohort Tabari (TCS) population. Methods The information of 10255 of the Tabari cohort population in the enrolment phase...
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Background This study aims to investigate the situation of sleep profile and its related factors in the Tabari Cohort Tabari (TCS) population. Methods The information of 10255 of the Tabari cohort population in the enrolment phase was used in this study. The sleep profile data was collected and recorded by trained questioners. The sleep duration in day & night, the time interval between going bed and falling asleep, continuous use of sedatives, involuntary nap, limb hypermobility during sleep and shift working were determined for each person. Data analysis was performed by independent T test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum of sleep duration in this population were 7.6, 1.6, 7.5, 0.5 and 17?h. Frequency of sleeping less than 6?h, 6–10?h and more than 10?h were 1168(11.4%), 8463(82.5%) and 624(6.1%) respectively. Prevalence of sleeping more than 10?h among men and women were 5% and 6.8% respectively (P?<?0.001). Prevalence of sedative routine use among men and women were 4.7% and 9.6% respectively (P?<?0.001). There were significant relationships between sleep duration and area residence, age group (P?<?0.001), education level (P?<?0.001), socioeconomic level (P?<?0.001), triglyceride (P?=?0.002), HDL-cholesterol (P?=?0.013) and Cholesterol total (P?=?0.021). There was a negative correlation between age and sleep duration (r?=??0.062, P?<?0.001). Conclusion The results showed the association of the quality and quantity of sleep with personal, social, environmental and biological factors such as gender, age, economic status, educational status, and lipid profile. Therefore without proper intervention, the incidence of outcomes associated with these risk factors can be predicted in TCS In later years.
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